Comparing Turkish Jurisprudential Development With Some Major Constitutional Issues of Bangladesh

Türkiye’deki Anayasal Gelişmeler ile Bangladeş’in Bazı Önemli Anayasal Sorunlarının Karşılaştırılması

Maimul Ahsan KHAN

Bangladeshis a moderate Muslim country. Constitutionally it is a Secular State since the adoption of the first constitution in 1972. The emergence of Bangladesh as an independent sovereign State had to be accomplished through a nine-month long bloody war against "Islamic army" of Pakistan, which claimed to be an Islamic State. From the perspective of its jurisprudential thoughts, Pakistan was supposed to collapse much earlier than 1971 as East Pakistan did not find any good reflection of Islamic Jurisprudence in the so-called holy land of united Pakistan. Bangladesh had to fight for its independence from British and Pakistani armies, which had committed many crimes, including war crimes such as genocides, riots, mass murders, indiscriminate destruction of civilian population and so forth. Apparently those atrocities and crimes have nothing to do with jurisprudential thoughts and studies. The fault-lines of legal theories, political doctrines, and economic realities, and socio-cultural dynamics based on which concerned laws were crafted and implemented are mainly to be blamed for all those divisive policies and rules about which we will discussed in this article.

Bangladesh, Turkey, Jurisprudential, Consitutituonal, Forms of Government, Family Relations, Women Empowerment.

Bangladeş, ılımlı müslüman bir ülkedir. 1972’de ilk anayasanın kabulünden bu yana laik bir devlettir. Bangladeş’in bağımsız egemen bir devlet olarak ortaya çıkması, Pakistan’ın İslam devleti olduğunu iddia eden “İslami ordu”suyla dokuz aylık kanlı bir savaş sonrası oldu. Hukuksal perspektiften bakıldığında, Doğu Pakistan’ın İslam Hukukunda iyi bir etki bırakmamasından dolayı kutsal topraklar olarak adlandırılan Pakistan’ın 1971’den çok daha önce çökmesi gerekiyordu. Bangladeş bağımsızlığı için savaş suçları (soykırım, kitlesel cinayetler, sivil halkın gelişigüzel kıyımı vb.) da dahil birçok suç işlemiş İngiltere ve Pakistan’la savaşmak zorundaydı. Açıkça görülüyor ki bu vahşetler ve suçların hukuksal düşünce ve çalışmalarla alakası yoktur. Hukuk teorileri, siyasi doktrinler, ekonomik gerçekler ve sosyo-kültürel dinamikler, hazırlanan ve uygulanan ilgili hukuk üzerine temel edilmesi esas suçlu ve bu makalede de tüm bu ayrılık yaratan politikalar ve kuralları göreceğiz.

Bangladeş, Türkiye, Yargısal, Anayasal, Hükümet Formları, Aile İlişkileri, Kadının Gücü.

INTRODUCTION

Is it a legal paradox that Bangladesh being a secular State constitutionally stipulates that the Statehood declares that Islam is the State religion of the country? Some observers argue that more that fifty States in the world still recognize this or that religion as their State-religion. However, such a constitutional recognition or declaration has very little to do with the real legal issues of the country. Some tends to give example of Malaysian constitution that declares with a greater importance of Islam as State-religions. However, this is not a very successful example because Malaysia with its Sharia courts put such importance to the sources of Islamic Law that it cannot be regarded as a secular country. But its respect for multi-culturalism and multy-religiosity compensates a lot to the non-Muslim citizens of the country where dispute over religious issues have very little implication and ramifications for the mainstream population.

Bangladesh is all together is a different kind of Muslim State with its past and present constitutional principals and realities. Its system or declared constitutional objective as a State in no way compare with Pakistan, Afghanistan or Saudi Arabia. At public or governmental levels Islam just serves as ceremonial character, but at popular and cultural levels Islam maintains a very strong presence and domination over the psyche and behaviors of the vast majority of Muslim population that constitutes about 90% of 170 million people.

Comparative Law from its jurisprudential perspectives tell us that from the analyses of the original jurisprudential intent behind the enactment of State-laws up to the inherent powers of the courts, comparative constitutional laws is a very vital tool to reveal what a State legal system of a particular country is all about. However, in this age of globalization, privatization, and decentralization, private laws and ADR systems have increasingly becoming dominant factors to shape a State legal system that can be genuinely compare with other systems that may or may not have similar place in other countries.