Arama yapmak için lütfen yukarıdaki kutulardan birine aramak istediğiniz terimi girin.

Setting up Joint Investigation Teams as a Type of International Legal Assistance

Uluslararası Adli Yardımlaşma Türü Olarak Soruşturma Ekipleri Kurulması

Mehmet ÖKMEN

The means provided today by the increase in the social, cultural and economic relations between the societies and the technological innovations, especially the information systems, have given rise to the increase of cross-border crimes and new types of offenses in this area. Because it makes the investigation of the offence and criminalization of the offender harder. The states must cooperate more intensely in the legal area. The fact that the means in national scale for fighting against the cross-border crimes fail shortly has caused the search for new and efficient investigation procedures in the international areas. One of the outstanding and most significant structures in this issue is "the Joint Investigation Teams" which is a special type of international legal assistance. Joint investigation teams do not have a concrete normative basis in Turkish Law. Therefore, this study aims to provide general information on the emergence of joint investigation teams, their legal foundations, as well as, how they could be used in the fight against the cross-border crimes and their benefits for this purpose and the problems which could be caused by these teams.

Joint Investigation Teams, Law Enforcement Cooperation, Legal Assistance, Cross-Border Crimes, Fight Against Cross-Border Crimes.

Günümüzde toplumlararası sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik ilişkilerin yoğunlaşması ile teknolojik yeniliklerin ve özellikle bilişim sistemlerinin sağladığı kolaylıklar, sınır aşan suçların artışına ve bu alanda yeni suç türlerinin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu durum, suçun soruşturulmasını ve failin cezalandırılmasını zorlaştırdığından devletlerin adlî alanda daha yoğun işbirliğinde bulunmalarını gerekli kılmaktadır. Sınır aşan suçlara karşı ulusal ölçekli mücadele araçlarının yetersiz kalması, uluslararası alanda yeni ve etkili soruşturma usullerinin arayışına neden olmuştur. Bu konuda ortaya çıkan önemli kurumlardan biri de, özel bir uluslararası adli yardımlaşma türü olan ‘Ortak Soruşturma Ekipleri’dir. Ortak soruşturma ekiplerinin, Türk Hukukunda somut bir normatif dayanağı bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın amacı, ortak soruşturma ekiplerinin ortaya çıkışı ve hukukî temelleri yanında, sınır aşan suçlarla mücadelede ne şekilde kullanılabileceği ve bu yönde sağlayabileceği yararlar ile neden olabileceği sorunlar hakkında genel bir bilgi sunmaktır.

Ortak Soruşturma Ekibi, Kolluk İşbirliği, Adlî Yardımlaşma, Sınır Aşan Suç, Mücadele.

It is a known fact that a consensus is available between both the theoreticians and the politicians on the inability to achieve success in the fight against cross border crimes without international cooperation and coordination.3 One of the means for fight against the crime developed as a result of this understanding is the Joint Investigation Teams (JIT).4 Even though the idea of establishing JIT, which is a type of legal assistance because of its legal basis, was first brought up in the 1960s by the law-enforcement forces which were assigned in the border regions of Western Europe, this suggestion did not receive the necessary attention on the political agendas of the countries until 1990s.5 The need to fight against the crime and the offenders has triggered the conclusion of many international conventions in judicial cooperation primarily under the body of the United Nations and the Council of Europe.

In the following process, especially in the last fifteen years, the countries have increased their efforts for a more efficient fight against cross-border crimes such as smuggling of migrants, drug trafficking and trafficking in humans. In the framework of this purpose, new international norms have been established among the Member States of the Council of Europe and the European Union to regulate further judicial cooperation procedures and facilitate and unify the related practices. JIT which enables swifter working processes and conclusions beyond the traditional judicial cooperation procedures has started to be used for this purpose.6

Especially, JIT removes the cumbersome routine procedures of classical legal assistance conventions and provides the freedom for mutual trust and coordination which is an important problem between the countries in relation with the investigation of cross border crimes and has, therefore, a structure of serving the exchange of intelligence information and experiences between the law enforcement forces and expediting the investigations.7 The other advantages of JIT could be summarised as follows: